DexDB.io

No. 0020

Raticate

Mouse Pokémon

BaseAlolan
Raticate official artwork
Official art
Height
0.7 m 2′04″
Weight
18.5 kg 40.8 lbs
Base stat total
413 Higher than 43% of Pokémon
Introduced
Gen I Red & Green (JP)
Its hind feet are webbed. They act as flippers, so it can swim in rivers and hunt for prey.
See all 14 entries

Base stats

Total 413 · Higher than 43% of Pokémon
HP55130–162220–314
Atk8190–146150–287
Def6072–123112–240
SpA5063–11294–218
SpD7081–134130–262
Spe97105–163179–322
Total413Higher than 43% of Pokémon
HP55Atk81Def60Spe97SpD70SpA50

Ranges in Pokémon Champions at Lv 50: 0 Stat Points with a −10% Stat Alignment to 32 Stat Points with a +10% one (HP has no alignment).Ranges in the main games at Lv 100: 0 IV/EV with a hindering nature to 31 IV/252 EV with a helpful nature. EV yield: 2 Spe.

Stat calculatorChampions Stat Points & Stat Alignment, or EVs, IVs & nature
Calculate damage →

Type matchups

Weak to 1 type, immune to 1

Colors show what this Pokémon takes

Weak to

2×
Fighting

Immune to

0×
Ghost
Takes normal damage from 16 types
NormalFlyingPoisonGroundRockBugSteelFireWaterGrassElectricPsychicIceDragonDarkFairy

Abilities

3 abilities

Competitive

Showdown usage and sets

Smogon · Showdown On Showdown

Not used in the tracked Showdown formats this month.

Other Showdown formats Scarlet & Violet, with Tera
National DexRU

Speed tiers

Max Speed 163 · outspeeds 18 of the 30 most used

The faster Pokémon moves first, so who you outspeed decides battles. Its Speed values at Lv 50 in Pokémon Champions (base Speed 97); Choice Scarf and Tailwind use the Max+ value.

Max+163Max149No SP117Min105Scarf (Choice Scarf)244Tailwind326

At max Speed, Raticate outspeeds 18 of the 30 most used Pokémon in Champions VGC on Showdown.

Speed at Lv 50 in Pokémon Champions: Raticate against the 30 most used Pokémon in Champions VGC on Showdown, fastest first
SpeedPokémon
203Mega Garchomp ZModest · 32 SP · #21 on Showdown
200Mega GengarTimid · 32 SP · #26 on Showdown
190Mega Raichu YTimid · 23 SP · #13 on Showdown
189Mega SalamenceTimid · 32 SP · #4 on Showdown
184WhimsicottTimid · 32 SP · #23 on Showdown
178Mega MetagrossJolly · 32 SP · #28 on Showdown
178Mega StaraptorJolly · 32 SP · #29 on Showdown
172SneaslerAdamant · 32 SP · #2 on Showdown
169Mega FloetteTimid · 32 SP · #17 on Showdown
169GarchompJolly · 32 SP · #19 on Showdown
167Mega Charizard YTimid · 32 SP · #14 on Showdown
167Mega GardevoirTimid · 32 SP · #20 on Showdown
163Raticate · Max+32 SP, Speed-raising alignment
161IndeedeeTimid · 32 SP · #30 on Showdown
156Hisuian ArcanineJolly · 32 SP · #16 on Showdown
150ArchaludonTimid · 32 SP · #9 on Showdown
149Raticate · Max32 SP, neutral alignment
149GholdengoTimid · 32 SP · #8 on Showdown
143BasculegionJolly · 32 SP · #6 on Showdown
128PelipperTimid · 32 SP · #12 on Showdown
120VolcaronaBold · 0 SP · #25 on Showdown
117Raticate · No SP0 SP, neutral alignment
105RillaboomAdamant · 0 SP · #1 on Showdown
101MiloticCalm · 0 SP · #15 on Showdown
95SylveonModest · 15 SP · #18 on Showdown
94Female IndeedeeRelaxed · 0 SP · #7 on Showdown
90PolitoedCalm · 0 SP · #22 on Showdown
90SinistchaBold · 0 SP · #24 on Showdown
85ArmarougeQuiet · 0 SP · #27 on Showdown
80IncineroarCareful · 0 SP · #3 on Showdown
80FarigirafBold · 0 SP · #11 on Showdown
70KingambitAdamant · 0 SP · #5 on Showdown
60Mega GolisopodAdamant · 0 SP · #10 on Showdown

Smogon · Showdown Others at their most common Speed investment in Champions VGC (Reg M-C · Doubles, Sep 2026); Pokémon holding a Mega Stone are shown as their Mega.

Moves

48 moves in Brilliant Diamond & Shining Pearl

Level up 18

EvoScary FaceLowers the target's Speed by 2.NormalStatus—100%10
1Focus EnergyRaises the user's critical hit ratio by 2.NormalStatus——30
1Quick AttackUsually goes first.NormalPhysical40100%30
1Scary FaceLowers the target's Speed by 2.NormalStatus—100%10
1Swords DanceRaises the user's Attack by 2.NormalStatus——20
1TackleNo additional effect.NormalPhysical40100%35
1Tail WhipLowers the foe(s) Defense by 1.NormalStatus—100%30
4Quick AttackUsually goes first.NormalPhysical40100%30
7Focus EnergyRaises the user's critical hit ratio by 2.NormalStatus——30
10Bite30% chance to make the target flinch.DarkPhysical60100%25
13Laser FocusUntil the end of the next turn, user's moves crit.NormalStatus——30
16Take DownHas 1/4 recoil.NormalPhysical9085%20
19AssurancePower doubles if target was damaged this turn.DarkPhysical60100%10
24Crunch20% chance to lower the target's Defense by 1.DarkPhysical80100%15
29Sucker PunchUsually goes first. Fails if target is not attacking.DarkPhysical70100%5
34Super FangDoes damage equal to 1/2 target's current HP.NormalPhysical—90%10
39Double-EdgeHas 33% recoil.NormalPhysical120100%15
44EndeavorLowers the target's HP to the user's HP.NormalPhysical—100%5

TM / HM / TR 34

TM10Work UpRaises the user's Attack and Sp. Atk by 1.NormalStatus——30
HM01CutNo additional effect.NormalPhysical5095%30
HM04StrengthNo additional effect.NormalPhysical80100%15
HM06Rock Smash50% chance to lower the target's Defense by 1.FightingPhysical40100%15
TMSwords DanceRaises the user's Attack by 2.NormalStatus——20
TMRoarForces the target to switch to a random ally.NormalStatus——20
TMIce Beam10% chance to freeze the target.IceSpecial90100%10
TMBlizzard10% chance to freeze foe(s). Can't miss in Snow.IceSpecial11070%5
TMHyper BeamUser cannot move next turn.NormalSpecial15090%5
TMThunderbolt10% chance to paralyze the target.ElectricSpecial90100%15
TMThunder WaveParalyzes the target.ElectricStatus—90%20
TMThunder30% chance to paralyze. Can't miss in rain.ElectricSpecial11070%10
TMDigDigs underground turn 1, strikes turn 2.GroundPhysical80100%10
TMDouble TeamRaises the user's evasiveness by 1.NormalStatus——15
TMRestUser sleeps 2 turns and restores HP and status.PsychicStatus——5
TMSubstituteUser takes 1/4 its max HP to put in a substitute.NormalStatus——10
TMThiefIf the user has no item, it steals the target's.DarkPhysical60100%25
TMProtectPrevents moves from affecting the user this turn.NormalStatus——10
TMSludge Bomb30% chance to poison the target.PoisonSpecial90100%10
TMEndureUser survives attacks this turn with at least 1 HP.NormalStatus——10
TMSwaggerRaises the target's Attack by 2 and confuses it.NormalStatus—85%15
TMAttractA target of the opposite gender gets infatuated.NormalStatus—100%15
TMSleep TalkUser must be asleep. Uses another known move.NormalStatus——10
TMIron Tail30% chance to lower the target's Defense by 1.SteelPhysical10075%15
TMRain DanceFor 5 turns, heavy rain powers Water moves.WaterStatus——5
TMSunny DayFor 5 turns, intense sunlight powers Fire moves.FireStatus——5
TMShadow Ball20% chance to lower the target's Sp. Def by 1.GhostSpecial80100%15
TMFacadePower doubles if user is burn/poison/paralyzed.NormalPhysical70100%20
TMTauntTarget can't use status moves its next 3 turns.DarkStatus—100%20
TMShock WaveThis move does not check accuracy.ElectricSpecial60—20
TMPluckUser steals and eats the target's Berry.FlyingPhysical60100%20
TMGiga ImpactUser cannot move next turn.NormalPhysical15090%5
TMGrass KnotMore power the heavier the target.GrassSpecial—100%20
TMCharge Beam70% chance to raise the user's Sp. Atk by 1.ElectricSpecial5090%10

Evolution

Stage 2 of 2

Where to find

Wild in 23 games

Evolves from Rattata: Level 20.

Let’s Go, Eevee! 13 areas
  • Pokemon Mansion (1F)Walking in the overworld · Lv 39–44
  • Pokemon Mansion (2F)Walking in the overworld · Lv 39–44
  • Pokemon Mansion (3F)Walking in the overworld · Lv 39–44
  • Pokemon Mansion (B1F)Walking in the overworld · Lv 39–44
  • Road 10Walking in the overworld · Lv 18–23
  • Road 11Walking in the overworld · Lv 13–18
  • Road 16Walking in the overworld · Lv 31–36
  • Road 17Walking in the overworld · Lv 33–38
  • Road 18Walking in the overworld · Lv 33–38
  • Road 21Walking in the overworld · Lv 37–42
  • Road 7Walking in the overworld · Lv 22–27
  • Road 8Walking in the overworld · Lv 22–27
  • Road 9Walking in the overworld · Lv 17–22
Let’s Go, Pikachu! 13 areas
  • Pokemon Mansion (1F)Walking in the overworld · Lv 39–44
  • Pokemon Mansion (2F)Walking in the overworld · Lv 39–44
  • Pokemon Mansion (3F)Walking in the overworld · Lv 39–44
  • Pokemon Mansion (B1F)Walking in the overworld · Lv 39–44
  • Road 10Walking in the overworld · Lv 18–23
  • Road 11Walking in the overworld · Lv 13–18
  • Road 16Walking in the overworld · Lv 31–36
  • Road 17Walking in the overworld · Lv 33–38
  • Road 18Walking in the overworld · Lv 33–38
  • Road 21Walking in the overworld · Lv 37–42
  • Road 7Walking in the overworld · Lv 22–27
  • Road 8Walking in the overworld · Lv 22–27
  • Road 9Walking in the overworld · Lv 17–22
Ultra Moon 1 area
  • Heahea BeachReceive as a gift · Lv 20
White 2 5 areas
  • DreamyardWalking in dark grass, Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 57–65
  • Dreamyard (B1F)Walking in dark grass · Lv 64–67
  • Relic Tunnel (Relic Castle entrance)Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 29
  • Strange House (1F)Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 32–33
  • Strange House (B1F)Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 32–33
Black 2 5 areas
  • DreamyardWalking in dark grass, Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 57–65
  • Dreamyard (B1F)Walking in dark grass · Lv 64–67
  • Relic Tunnel (Relic Castle entrance)Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 29
  • Strange House (1F)Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 32–33
  • Strange House (B1F)Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 32–33
White 2 areas
  • DreamyardWalking in dark grass · Lv 48
  • Dreamyard (B1F)Walking in dark grass · Lv 47–50
Black 2 areas
  • DreamyardWalking in dark grass · Lv 48
  • Dreamyard (B1F)Walking in dark grass · Lv 47–50
SoulSilver 16 areas
  • Burned Tower (1F)Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 15
  • Mount Mortar (B1F)Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 16
  • Mount Mortar (Upper Cave)Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 30
  • Road 10Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 16–18
  • Road 26Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 28–30
  • Road 27Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 30
  • Road 38Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 16
  • Road 39Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 17
  • Road 47Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 31–33
  • Road 7Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 19
  • Road 9Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 13–15
  • Safari Zone MeadowWalking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 40
  • Safari Zone MountainWalking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 15–17
  • Safari Zone PlainsWalking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 15–17
  • Tohjo FallsWalking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 22
  • Union Cave (B2F)Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 22
HeartGold 16 areas
  • Burned Tower (1F)Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 15
  • Mount Mortar (B1F)Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 16
  • Mount Mortar (Upper Cave)Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 30
  • Road 10Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 16–18
  • Road 26Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 28–30
  • Road 27Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 28–30
  • Road 38Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 16
  • Road 39Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 17
  • Road 47Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 31–33
  • Road 7Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 19
  • Road 9Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 13–15
  • Safari Zone MeadowWalking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 40
  • Safari Zone MountainWalking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 15–17
  • Safari Zone PlainsWalking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 15–17
  • Tohjo FallsWalking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 22
  • Union Cave (B2F)Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 22
Platinum 2 areas
  • Road 225Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 49–50
  • Road 226Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 49–50
Pearl 2 areas
  • Road 225Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 50–52
  • Road 226Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 51–52
Diamond 2 areas
  • Road 225Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 50–52
  • Road 226Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 51–52
LeafGreen 7 areas
  • Pokemon Mansion (1F)Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 32–36
  • Pokemon Mansion (2F)Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 32–36
  • Pokemon Mansion (3F)Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 32–36
  • Pokemon Mansion (B1F)Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 34–38
  • Road 16Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 23–25
  • Road 17Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 25–29
  • Road 18Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 25–29
FireRed 7 areas
  • Pokemon Mansion (1F)Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 32–36
  • Pokemon Mansion (2F)Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 32–36
  • Pokemon Mansion (3F)Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 32–36
  • Pokemon Mansion (B1F)Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 34–38
  • Road 16Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 23–25
  • Road 17Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 25–29
  • Road 18Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 25–29
XD 1 area
  • Citadark Isle 1FSnagging a Pokemon from a trainer in Pokemon Colosseum or Pokemon XD: Gale of Darkness. · Lv 34
Crystal 22 areas
  • Burned Tower (1F)Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 15
  • Mount Mortar (1F)Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 16
  • Mount Mortar (B1F)Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 18
  • Mount Mortar (Lower Cave)Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 14–15
  • Mount Mortar (Upper Cave)Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 30
  • Road 1Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 6
  • Road 10Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 15
  • Road 11Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 15–16
  • Road 21Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 20
  • Road 26Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 28–30
  • Road 27Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 30
  • Road 3Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 10
  • Road 38Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 16
  • Road 39Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 16
  • Road 4Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 10
  • Road 42Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 15–16
  • Road 43Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 16–17
  • Road 6Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 15
  • Road 7Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 18
  • Road 9Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 15–18
  • Tohjo FallsWalking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 22
  • Union Cave (B2F)Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 21
Silver 12 areas
  • Burned Tower (1F)Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 15
  • Mount Mortar (B1F)Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 16
  • Mount Mortar (Upper Cave)Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 30
  • Road 10Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 16–18
  • Road 26Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 28–30
  • Road 27Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 30
  • Road 38Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 16
  • Road 39Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 17
  • Road 7Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 19
  • Road 9Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 15
  • Tohjo FallsWalking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 22
  • Union Cave (B2F)Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 22
Gold 12 areas
  • Burned Tower (1F)Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 15
  • Mount Mortar (B1F)Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 16
  • Mount Mortar (Upper Cave)Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 30
  • Road 10Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 16–18
  • Road 26Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 28–30
  • Road 27Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 28–30
  • Road 38Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 16
  • Road 39Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 17
  • Road 7Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 19
  • Road 9Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 15
  • Tohjo FallsWalking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 22
  • Union Cave (B2F)Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 22
Yellow 10 areas
  • Pokemon Mansion (1F)Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 34–37
  • Pokemon Mansion (2F)Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 37–40
  • Pokemon Mansion (3F)Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 40–43
  • Pokemon Mansion (B1F)Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 37–46
  • Road 10Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 20
  • Road 11Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 17
  • Road 16Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 25–26
  • Road 18Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 25–26
  • Road 21Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 15
  • Road 9Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 20
Blue 4 areas
  • Road 16Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 23–25
  • Road 17Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 25–29
  • Road 18Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 25–29
  • Road 21Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 30
Red 4 areas
  • Road 16Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 23–25
  • Road 17Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 25–29
  • Road 18Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 25–29
  • Road 21Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 30
Green (Japan) 4 areas
  • Road 16Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 23–25
  • Road 17Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 25–29
  • Road 18Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 25–29
  • Road 21Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 30
Red (Japan) 4 areas
  • Road 16Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 23–25
  • Road 17Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 25–29
  • Road 18Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 25–29
  • Road 21Walking in tall grass or a cave · Lv 30

Locations cover Red & Blue to Sword & Shield (with its DLC) and Let’s Go. We don’t have them yet for Legends: Arceus, Brilliant Diamond & Shining Pearl, Scarlet & Violet and Legends: Z-A.

Training

Catch rate 127 · medium growth
Catch rate
127 ≈16.6% with a Poké Ball at full HP

Breeding

1 egg group · 15 egg cycles
Gender
♂ 50%♀ 50%
Hatch time
15 egg cycles ≈4,080 steps (Gen IV–VII)

Males and females look different

Male Raticate
♂ Male
Female Raticate
♀ Female
HOME 3D model

Pokédex entries

14 entries · newest from Let’s Go, Pikachu! / Let’s Go, Eevee!
Category
Mouse Pokémon
Debut
Kanto · Red & Green (JP)
Color
Brown
Shape
Habitat
Grassland
Pal Park area
Field
Kanto#020Original Johto#018Updated Johto#018Updated Unova#060Original Alola#016Original Melemele#016Original Akala#007Original Ula’ula#007Original Poni#007Updated Alola#016Updated Melemele#016Updated Akala#007Updated Ula’ula#007Updated Poni#007Let’s Go Kanto#020
  1. Its whiskers are essential for maintaining its balance. No matter how friendly you are, it will get angry and bite you if you touch its whiskers.

    Ultra Moon
  2. People say that it fled from its enemies by using its small webbed hind feet to swim from island to island in Alola.

    Ultra Sun
  3. Its disposition is far more violent than its looks would suggest. Don’t let your hand get too close to its face, as it could bite your hand clean off.

    Moon
  4. Its hind feet are webbed, so it’s a strong swimmer. It can cross rivers and sometimes even oceans.

    Sun
  5. With its long fangs, this surprisingly violent Pokémon can gnaw away even thick concrete with ease.

    Black 2 · White 2
  6. It whittles its constantly growing fangs by gnawing on hard things. It can chew apart cinder walls.

    Diamond · Pearl · Platinum · Black · White · X
  7. Its rear feet have three toes each. They are webbed, enabling it to swim across rivers.

    FireRed
  8. A RATICATE’s sturdy fangs grow steadily. To keep them ground down, it gnaws on rocks and logs. It may even chew on the walls of houses.

    Emerald
  9. Raticate’s sturdy fangs grow steadily. To keep them ground down, it gnaws on rocks and logs. It may even chew on the walls of houses.

    Ruby · Sapphire · Omega Ruby · Alpha Sapphire
  10. The webs on its hind legs enable it to cross rivers. It searches wide areas for food.

    Crystal · Y
  11. Its whiskers help it to maintain balance. Its fangs never stop growing, so it gnaws to pare them down.

    Silver · SoulSilver
  12. Gnaws on anything with its tough fangs. It can even topple concrete buildings by gnawing on them.

    Gold · HeartGold
  13. Its hind feet are webbed. They act as flippers, so it can swim in rivers and hunt for prey.

    Yellow · Let’s Go, Pikachu! · Let’s Go, Eevee!
  14. It uses its whiskers to maintain its balance. It apparently slows down if they are cut off.

    Red · Blue · LeafGreen

Names around the world

English
Raticate
Japanese
ラッタ
Japanese (romaji)
Ratta
Korean
레트라
Chinese (Traditional)
拉達
Chinese (Simplified)
拉达
French
Rattatac
German
Rattikarl
Spanish
Raticate
Italian
Raticate

Biology

Biology

It uses its whiskers to maintain balance, and slows down if they are cut off. Its webbed hind feet act as flippers, allowing it to swim in rivers to hunt or escape from opponents. To keep its teeth ground down, it chews on anything, from machinery to concrete.

Adapted from Wikipedia: List of generation VII Pokémon · CC BY-SA 4.0 · edited.

Sprites

8 generations, animated from Gen II

Artwork and 3D models

Gen VIII · Gen VII · Gen VI · Gen V

Generation IV

Generation III

Generation II

Generation I

Polls & views

1 poll

Each line is one source, as it published it. Polls counted every form under its species.